HRCR May 2023 Quiz

Editorial note: The following quiz is related to the article “Approach to Pacing in Patients with Various Septal Defects, by Ahmad Jabri, MD, Lea Almahameed, MD, Anas Alameh, MD, Sana Aziz, MD, Nazli Okumus, MD, Saima Karim, DO, FHRS in the May 2023 issue of Heart Rhythm Case Reports.

Q.1

How common are ventricular septal defects?

4 out of 100 live births
4 out of 1000 live births
10 out of 1000 live births
4 out of 10,000 live births

Q.2

What is the most frequent form of atrial septal defect encountered?

Ostium secundum defects
Ostium primum defects
Sinus venosus defects (inferior and superior)
Coronary sinus defects

Q.3

Septal defects are associated with conduction abnormalities through which mechanism?

Geometric and electrical remodeling
Conduction system displacement
Related genetic disorders
Complications post-surgical correction
All of the above

Q.4

All of the following are advantages of using a leadless pacemaker except

Minimal risk of lead-related complications
Stable long-term pacing
No risk of infection
No risk of subclavian stenosis