HRCR December 2025 Quiz

Editorial note: The following quiz is related to the article Atrioventricular block in the newborn period by Yuval Bitterman and Elizabeth Anne Stephenson in the December 2025 issue of Heart Rhythm Case Reports.

1. Which of these sentences is correct regarding the fetal presentation of congenital atrioventricular block (CAVB)?

A. The most common reason is genetic
B. The presenting sign will often be heart rate irregularity
C. Most cases are idiopathic
D. There is a strong association with maternal autoimmune disease

2. Which of these factors is NOT a class I indication for pacemaker implantation in congenital heart block?

A. Average heart rate less than 50 BPM
B. Symptomatic Bradycardia
C. Maximum R-R interval >3 seconds
D. Wide QRS escape rhythm

3. Which of the following is correct regarding infrahisian AVB?

A. This is a common form of AVB in patients with congenital AVB.
B. Decision making regarding permanent pacemaker insertion is based solely on average heart rate.
C. Isoproterenol will increase atrial rate and improve the AV block.
D. Patients may have an unreliable escape and be prone to acute, hemodynamically significant bradycardia (Stoke-Adams attacks).